Community Engagement Assignment Earth care Packaging Essay

Community Engagement Assignment Earth care Packaging - Essay Example If unchecked, the pollution might ultimately lead to a corruption of the water-supply and sewer systems around the town. The lake cleaning activity was a joint activity of the Michigan county council and the UNEP. The two organizers not only organized the event but also provided the materials to be used during the cleaning. In line with the course emphasis on ethics and social responsibility as relating to environmental issues, the cleaning was a wakeup call to the obvious harm that industrialization had on the environment. The theme of the exercise was one that called on safe industrialization practices, targeted mainly on the big multi-million dollars so engrossed with their business prospects that they pay little heed to the cry to spare the environmental. The address on the ethical decisions and procedures in the disposal of their waste materials should take more into account the impact it has on the general society. As such, the role of social of ensuring the environment is clean or healthy should not be delegated only to the town council or other green world movements but should be adopted as an obligation of every individual. This is the meaning of social responsibility. When applied to the industry, the right term will be corporate social responsibility. The amount of personal satisfaction that I derived from engaging in this activity was really fulfilling. I was able, to not only engage my time in a worthy cause but was also able to gain a wealth of knowledge about how simple acts such as littering the pathways might ultimately lead to such bigger environmental problems as global warming, more often than not resulting in untold misery not only to plants and animals, but also to the human beings. By participating in this activity, I learnt of the immense role and power of an individual in ensuring the preservation of the environment. I learnt that social responsibility starts with an

Success of Product Repositioning Strategy for Class B Office Essay

Success of Product Repositioning Strategy for Class B Office Development in Moscow - Essay Example My company hired by a real estate investments fund, an owner of this property, received commercial contract to arrange marketing campaign and to sell these buildings as residential property. The reasoning behind this strategy is quite simple. On one hand, relatively small investors receive opportunity to invest into lucrative office property market in Moscow, which has 10-12% rate of return on investment compared to 5-6% that of residential property market. On the other hand, property developers receive so much desired cash significantly decreasing the whole property development cycle and improve their own rate of return on investment. The classical scheme (when office buildings are kept by developers to receive lease income or sold to strategic investors interested in regular income stream provided by lease payments) is modified with a new buy option for typical clients (lease holders) and completely a new option for residential property investors. Despite recent severe turbulence o n the equity markets and overall pessimistic attitude towards any long term investments our group managed to achieve remarkable results. The success of the strategy is proven by retail sale of a number of office buildings in Moscow. The purpose of this essay is to illustrate how theoretical strategic tools can be used in a real business situation to identify new business innovations and to assess how close the theory is to reality. The strategy theory undoubtedly provides useful tools for assessing current situation and identifying new opportunities. Elements of Five forces, basic supply – demand analyses, Value creation model, ERRC (Eliminate, Raise, Reduce, and Create) grid, reluctant customers and non-customers issues are theory tools used in the analysis. The analysis consists of macro and micro examination of the current commercial property industry situation in Moscow, and formulation of new opportunities in the office property sector of the industry based on the above analysis. The description of the real estate investment market in Russia In the situation of global market economic crisis, investors are becoming more risk averse and switching investment portfolios in favor of core assets like gold and real estate. Investments in property market in Russia in 2011 demonstrated 46% year on year growth with the highest volumes of 7 bn USD (See Exhibit 1 Investment volume dynamics), of which the commercial real estate sector accounts for about 95% (See Exhibit 1 Investment by sector). 2011 in Russia was remarkable by the rising number of foreign capital investments, which comprise around 45% of the total investment volume (See Exhibit Investment by investor origin). The reason for this is potentially high demand almost on all sorts of commercial property. Retail and office segments usually dominate the sector investments having 40% of total investment volume each (See Exhibit 1 Investment by sector). Moreover, the deal size increased in 2011: the numb er of deals exceeding 100 mn USD increased to 33% of total number of deals compared to 23% 2010. The market sector prime yields in Moscow stabilized at 9% in office and 11% in warehouse sectors in 2011 from the recent highs of 11.5% and 14.5% in 2009 (See 1 Exhibit Prime yield dynamics in Moscow) reaching pre crisis levels achieved by the market in 2007-2008. Historically, the office sector in Moscow has been the most attractive for

Business Biblical Worldview Essay Example for Free

Business Biblical Worldview Essay This paper will explore what a Biblical Worldview is and present a Biblical Worldview process of contracts, ownership and responsibility. A Biblical Worldview is a view that holds to the belief that there is absolute moral truth; no one can earn their way into Heaven with good deeds; the Bible is 100 percent correct in all aspects; Jesus Christ lived a life free of sin while He was on earth; and God is omnipotent, omniscience, and the ruler of the universe (Barna Group, 2009). It has been proven that one’s worldview has a powerful impact on the way he conducts his everyday life and the choices made in any given situation (Barna Group, 2009). One living by a Biblical Worldview is less likely to use profanity; to misuse media; to gamble away money; and to abuse alcohol (Barna Group, 2009). The person with a Biblical Worldview is more likely to be honest; be more civil towards others, and make proper sexual choices (Barna Group, 2009). There exists a belief that a person develops a primary worldview by the time he reaches age 13. The teen and early adult years refine the worldview and then it is passed on to others throughout their life as an adult (Barna Group, 2009). A contract is an agreement that is enforceable by the law. It is created when two or more persons agree to do something or agree to not do something (Liuzzo, 2010, pg. 79). All involved parties must be competent. A competent person is one that is of legal age and possesses normal mental health (Liuzzo, 2010, pg. 80). â€Å"All contracts are agreements, but not all agreements are contracts† (Luizzo, 2010, pg. 9). In business, contracts are used to employ people and to sell goods, and to sell services (Luizzo, 2010, pg. 79). For a contract to be enforceable legally it must contain certain elements. There must be an offer made to one party and acceptance by another party; there must be consideration; all involved must mutually agree; all parties must be competent; there must be proper form; and the expected performance of the contract must legal (Luizzo, 2010, pg. 79-80). Because of the definition of contracts, there is a tendency to view it as a hysical experience with no spiritual implications at all (Chester, n. d. ). Buying, producing, selling and serving take place in the tangible physical world but it is taking place just below the intangible spiritual world connecting them together (Chester, n. d. ). The prophet Elisha saw the connection in 2 Kings 6:17, NASB, †Then Elisha prayed and said, â€Å"O LORD, I pray, open his eyes that he may see. † And the LORD opened the servant’s eyes and he saw; and behold, the mountain was full of horses and chariots of fire all around Elisha. Here in the tangible physical world they appeared to be doomed, however, in the intangible spirit world they were victorious. (Chester, n. d. ). The physical aspects of life must line up with the spiritual aspects in a business with a Biblical Worldview. Any business that lasts is organized to line up philosophically, values wise and has the principles that demonstrate the nature of God (Chester, n. d. ). A contract or agreement that holds to a Biblical Worldview would not mirror the lop-sided contract held between Jacob and his uncle Laban. The contact between Laban and Jacob was legal. Both Laban and Jacob were competent, as they are both equals (Mabee, 1980, pg. 194). Though the agreement had all of the necessary elements of the Biblical time to make it legal, Laban did not adhere to the contract. Laban set out to cheat Jacob at every turn. The initial agreement was for Jacob to work at â€Å"Laban, Inc. † seven years for Rachel’s hand in marriage but he ended up working 14 years for her instead due to Laban’s trickery. Altogether Jacob worked for Laban a total of 20 years with Laban changing his wages (the agreement) ten times, â€Å"You know that I have served your father with all my strength. Yet your father has cheated me and changed my wages ten times†, (Genesis 31:6-7, NASB). As a Christian, the business owner is to honor any made agreements and contracts, as this mirrors the attributes of God. The Bible admonishes the believer to â€Å"Let your no be no and your yes be yes†, and anything outside of that is evil doing (Matthew 5:37, NASB). James 5:12, NASB also warns, â€Å"But above all, my brethren, do not swear, either by heaven or by earth or with any other oath; but your yes is to be yes, and your no, no, so that you may not fall under judgment. Christian business owners who hold to a Biblical Worldview understand and accept the fact that God owns everything (Tacket, 2012). â€Å"Hear, O My people, and I will speak; I am God, your God†¦For every beast of the forest is Mine, The cattle on a thousand hills† (Psalm 50:1-10, NASB). God tells us in Haggai 2:8, NASB that He even owns the silver and gold (money) everyone seeks after, â€Å"The silver is Mine and the gold is Mine,’ declares the LORD of hosts. † Jehovah God is simply loaning it to one and requires good stewardship over the things He has granted.

Online Fashion Business

Online Fashion Business Online Fashion Business – A new trend of teenagers being interested and broad participation. Just type in the phrase online fashion business into the search box on the network, you can get over 10 million results from google, with the names of several fashion brands, big and small. This shows a little nimble, daring the small amount of investment, many people have become young boss without much capital, but the revenue appears in front. Just one click, even though you are at home, at your office or wherever you are, you can also freely select and purchase the products that you like on the internet. Its the new trend of young people being interested and broad participation. Online Sales phrase is not too strange to people. It is a form of offering, introducing the product on the internet and consumers also deals to buy products online. English entrepreneur Michael Aldrich invented online shopping in 1979. Although it appeared for a long time in the big city, this movement received the lively participation of young teenage about 1-2 years. In 2013, we have witnessed a real boom in this business field. In addition, the needs of modern life, consumers have become more intelligent as more and more people decide to shop online. In the survey, 24-hour shopping, Avoiding crowds and convenience topped the list of Reasons Consumers plan to spend more online this year. Grasping the growing demand, the youth have created a business start-up by the internet. Think of the fashion business to open shop simply because they are aesthetic or good computational ability that will make teenagers more easily get a strong attachment to the development of his favorite became a real career. Agree with this point of view, If you have a passion for fashion and love clothes, starting an online clothing boutique apparel friend the perfect business for you. These are the basic elements but decisive, and if teenager understand and apply, they are almost 80% successful, 20% remaining is the creativity, the flexibility and your recklessness when deciding to participate in the online business world. It is necessary to identify the benefits you easily achieve when starting online business. The primary benefit of the online shop is not spending too much initial investment cost for renting store, cabinets, products display racks, store decoration, Therefore, the cost of starting a business is very simple, just a laptop, a camera, online time, and a source of stable products. You do not have to be a headache to calculate, organize expenses to fit with your little startup capital. The second benefit is the advantage and the power of online marketing to advertise widely for your shop. The social networking site is an extremely lively world and possesses a large number of potential customers. At first, customers are often colleagues, friends, and spread to the other provinces. While young entrepreneurs often worry about the lack of customers, but the business through the internet attracted a large customer. The numbers of people visiting the site from commercial communities are often 100-1000 / people / minute. Through that shop owners can more accessible to customers, not limited by geographical distance. This is a characteristic of this type of business. Another benefit of small-scale business is that you will not take a lot of capital, when the risks appear. Because your investment is small, your mistakes do not pay too much financially. Therefore, with the little capital, lack of experience, the online businessis the first direction you should think about if you want to try business. Round of young people success in this field, they were really excited and share practical point of their current job. Thuy Linh, 21, owner of online shop specializing in fashionable South Korea, said: I often learn dressing style of Korean youth and realize that this is one fashion trend is very popular in Vietnam. I have set up a facebook account, add friends to advertise products and tag people in photos. In just one week, Ive sold almost all the goods which I have because the price is too low, an average of 90-180 thousand dollars / item . In addition, the Vietnamese hotgirls are not also missing the opportunity to get rich with sales trends on this network. Secret Lylys success a famous Vietnamese hotgirl is smart, agile and beautiful, so instead of paying rent model, Lyly took photos of herself to introduce shop new products. Business is the most difficult stage first. Early days, the market competition with the branded shop, Lyly feels anxiety and great pressure. Fortunately because customers who have purchased products have continued to come back and invite their friends, it is now a bustling business. Share with their career, online businessis more and more develope by 8X, 9X generations, who are trying to be experienced and successful as those people. Without any success is easy, so it also has many challenges and especially you must take courage and confidence to have a good start. Im a big fan of Small Business Ownership. I think its the backbone of innovation. But to be successful, you first have to have the courage to go for it. Therefore, to business efficiency and long-term development, there are very few who can do that. Moreover increasingly competitive market requires the online business to get a clear development strategy and more important to understand the rules of business on the Internet can be successful. In the business world, everyone is paid in two coins: cash and experience. Take the experience first; the cash will come later. In fact, while many people have invested a lot of money to open a business establishment then quickly closed, it has many businesses are started with a few hundred dollars and development long-term growth. In short, you must have the courage to face to face with any challenge with confiden ce and assertiveness when building your own business.   Ã‚   Besides the great benefits of online shopping, actually, it has defective when you use it. There are plenty of people taking advantage of online business to scam consumers that make people panic and lose faith in online sales. Because, if you are not careful, you will buy products unlike with images, poor quality or loss of the deposit. As a result, they fooled once then make sure they will not look to shop it again. Therefore, even if you do any business or profession, do not look at the immediate interests and forget the long term benefits. The strong growth of the internet has created numerous ways and opportunities to make money especially attractive, in that, there are ways that you ever previously considered impossible. Young people also fast catching up the trend of business and engaged with a large force. The dynamism and creativity of the youth has made many online products very unique. By the way, benefits that this form of trading bringing is not small. However, the trend of hundreds of sellers, buyers thousands, the online store owners need to ensure credibility, quality products, honest pricing. Especially, just a computer network, you can sell to anyone, anywhere, without having to work hard search for a place to open a store, nor headache decorated with or recruiting staff. Starting with little capital, online business is one of the wise choice and quite safe for people who want to try in the field of business. References Online shopping.Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 5 May 2014. Web. 5 May 2014. . CHANG, JOYCE, NIKKI GAMER, and , LAURA KALIEBE. Catalog Comeback: Retailers turn to paper catalogs to boost online sales.Catalog Comeback: Retailers turn to paper catalogs to boost online sales. N.p., 5 May 2014. Web. 5 May 2014. . McFarlin, Kate , and Demand Media. How to Open an Online Clothing Boutique.. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 May 2014. . Rancic, Bill . Small Business Quotes.BrainyQuote. Xplore, n.d. Web. 5 May 2014. . S. Geneen, Harold. Business World Quotes.BrainyQuote. Xplore, n.d. Web. 5 May 2014. .

Essays --

The story begins in the year 1984 in the nation of Oceania. Winston Smith is a low ranking Outer Party member working for a government system called the Party. The Party and it’s omniscient leader known as Big Brother, control everything including language, history, and it’s citizens. Everywhere Winston goes, he is being monitored by the Party through telescreens and by the Thought Police. The most recent implementation of the Party’s control over the nation has been the creation of Newspeak, an attempt to prevent political rebellion by eliminating all words that relate to it. Rebellion is the ultimate crime a citizen can commit, and even thoughts about rebellion are illegal. While working in the Ministry of Truth, a branch of the Party that controls and alters history, Winston begins to question the validity of the Party and it’s doctrines. He wishes for privacy and freedom but cannot express these feelings without fear of the Thought Police, who patrol thoughts and punish people who think poorly of the Party or it’s leader. In order to escape the Party’s tyranny, at least in his...

Lies and Deceit in The Great Gatsby :: Great Gatsby Essays

Lies and Deceit in The Great Gatsby In the world people try to hide things from each other but one way or another they find out what they are hiding. In the Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, the secrecy and deceit practiced by Jay, Daisy, and Myrtle leads to inevitable tragedy when the truths are revealed. Jay failed to realize that if you tell a lie most of the time they tend to come to a boil and burst. For example, "My family have been prominent, well-to-do people in this Middle Western city for three generations."....pg.2 why did he have to lie when he knew that if they really got to know him they would find out the truth. Jay gave everyone the impression that he was this kind of rich-snobbish guy. Who knows why. It is not always good to lie. In Jay's case when it came down to them finding out the truth they didn't know whether he was telling the truth or lying. So it was hard for them to believe what he was saying. Daisy was another who would lie because she thought it would keep happiness. The way she lied was different from Jay. She lied to keep the person she thought was the love of her life, Tom happy. Daisy's relationship with TOm was quite unusual. Tom was having an affair with Myrtle and Daisy really wanted to be with Tom, but not really because she only did it because she thought she had to. Daisy was really in love with Jay but because she felt like she had to be in love with Tom she would make up lies to keep them together. Tom pretty much felt the same way or he thought Daisy really liked him so he didn't want to break her heart. But for them it didn't really work out well. If they would of told each other their feelings and wouldn't of held them back from each other they could of discussed their personnal situations and they might of had a nice seperation. But since they chose to keep things back from each other and lie to each other everything went terrible. For instance when the story about Jay and

Goal Line Technology Essay

Introduction Soccer is undoubtedly one of the most popular sports worldwide. From regional club championship to the world cup, each soccer event is watched with tremendous enthusiasm by people all over the world. As soon as the match starts and until it ends, soccer fascinates its viewers by passes, shots, tackles, free kicks and penalties. Of course, in the course of all this, there are also goals. Whenever the ball enters the goal, it is a moment of triumph. For a moment everyone watching is left awe-struck until the realization sets in, and then there is much rejoices. However, what if, the referee blows his whistle and says the goal was invalid. Moreover, what if, a ball that was seemingly deflected by the goalkeeper is counted as a goal. Obviously, this would have its repercussions, but this is the idea pronounced in the goal line technology. Two IFA-approved methods of implementing goal line so far exist – Hawk-Eye and GoalRef. To start a discussion about goal line, it should be unde rstood how each of these technique works. Hawk-Eye, the more favored technique, is one which is already being utilized in the sports of cricket and tennis. The technique makes use of six high-speed cameras linked to fast-processing computers. These cameras track every movement of the soccer ball as it moves through the field, and the computers calculate the relative position on the ball based on metrics provided by the cameras. When the ball would pass the goal line, the computers would be able to determine this and the possibility of a goal would have to be judged. The technique is more favored because of its potential to produce excellent 3D replays of what took place, and also because it can be used on-field for other purposes than just goal line. For instance, the curves a specific free kick shot took, or even if an offside actually occurred or not could be realized with the help of Hawk-Eye. However, this technique would be quite expensive to implement. High-speed cameras aside, every soccer stadium would also need to implement black netting which is also a prerequisite of Hawk-Eye. On the other hand, GoalRef is a much more economical option. GoalRef makes use of a low-powered magnetic field around the posts and a magnetic probe in the ball. As soon as the low-powered magnetic field is found to be penetrated by the magnetic probe completely, the referee is notified through a hand-held device that a goa l has occurred and the referee can announce it almost immediately. The relative simplicity of the design and technology being used also makes it easier for ball manufacturers to add probes into the balls. However, compared to the multiplicity of uses that Hawk-Eye provides, GoalRef is a bit lacking. Taking into consideration these factors, the discussion in this paper would focus on both the technologies rather than one. (EuroSport, 2012) Goal line technology has been debated from both ends of the argument by various soccer overseeing bodies – such as FIFA and UEFA – for much of the last decade. However, to-date, no compromise has been reached. There are two reasons for which goal line technology has been proposed. Firstly, according to international soccer rules, a goal is scored if a ball completely passes the goal line. However, the on-field referee cannot judge this as he has to stay away from the goal during times of attack and defense. In the recent past, this inability of referees has resulted in many wrong judgments. Secondly, the use of decision-aid technology is being aggressively integrated in various other sports. With every passing year, popular sports across the world are introducing decision-aid technology to either aid existing referees or even replace them. As the pressure on soccer associations mount, it has become necessary to realize whether goal line technology is good or bad for the game. This paper would argue that goal line technology is essential as it provides essential benefit to the game and also because arguments against it are largely invalid. Providing Transparent Justice The inclusion of technology, however slight, in decision-making capabilities would enhance the decisions made by the referees. The refereeing system employed in soccer is known to possess quite limited capabilities (Collins, 2010). In essence, it consists of three individuals; a main referee and two assistant referees. The standard is that the main referee runs diagonally from the north-east of the field to the south-west. However, the main referee does not normally enter the penalty area. However, both of the aforementioned criteria are not strict and the referee can follow his own path during the course of the match. As the diagonal run of the main referee covers the north-east and south-west area of the field, the assistant referees essentially are responsible for judging the north-west and south-east area of the field. The assistant referees are also responsible for calling offside and throws. From this brief description, it might seem that the refereeing system is quiet adequate . However, this is quite incorrect as this system does not allow the referee to provide what is known by transparent justice, i.e. what appears to be the most correct decision (Colwell, 2000). First of all, it should be noted that the issue of transparent justice only arose in the last 15-20 years as broadcasting of soccer matches and events grew only more popular (Colwell, 2000). Before that the referee’s decisions were largely associated with presumptive justice, i.e. justice is done because one was in position to assess it. This presumptive justice was assumed to be transparent justice. The referee called it as he saw it, and that was the end of it. The referee’s authority was based on the notion of epistemological privilege, i.e. the referee was in the position to best see it as it is, as he had the closest view of the player’s action and he possessed greater knowledge of soccer rules (Colwell, 2000; Collins, 2010). However, with television broadcasting, there came the concept of replays. The replay allowed the viewer to see from multiple of angles an event within the match. Moreover, even the notion of speed could be slowed down to clearly realize what actually happened within a particular event in the match. Even further, the rules of soccer were quickly made available online and the growing interest in soccer made players known to most of the rules (Leveaux, 2010). The epistemological privilege that the referee held had been completely desecrated when newer technologies came to be known (Colwell, 2000). The referee no longer had the superior view, as the viewers through television often could see what actually occurred from different views and even speeds. This provided the viewer to be in a position of greater epistemological privilege than the referee. As the referee has lost his epistemological privilege, it has only become questionable that soccer relies only on the referee to make decisions. Some might even question whether referees are even needed as even a knowledgeable individual watching the match from a television set is bound to make better calls than the on-field referee. The loss of epistemological privilege is best seen in the penalty area. The most intense of occurrences in soccer tend to occur in the penalty area (Collins, 2010). However, it is also one area where the referee cannot be present (EuroSport, 2012). As is quite freq uent, the penalty area tends to be filled up with defenders and attackers during an intense play, and the referee can in such a position only view from far. Moreover, any decisions that the referee makes is from a distant viewpoint or either through the help of an assistant referee (Collins, 2010). However, this means that the referee is not able to call it as it is, but rather call it as he sees it. This means that the referee is no longer the best provider of transparent justice in a match. The issue particularly arises as sometimes during most intense of plays the ball barely passes through the goal line and is then quickly pulled out by a defending player or the goalkeeper. Such an occurrence cannot be seen clearly either by the referee or any of his assistants. It should now be noted that the goal line technology allows even such a brief event to be recognized and hence transparent justice to be provided. For this reason, as a goal line technology would provide better justice, and as the notion of fair play requires that better justice be provided, the argument for the implementation of goal-line technology only gathers momentum. The Invalidity of Arguments Against The main reason for not implementing the technology is said to be that it would reduce the fun in the game. Although this reason seems to be one of the weaker ones that can be given against GLT, it also seems to be the one that many aficionados and supporters favor. For them (and it seems for FIFA), it is these types of incidents in sport that gives it value and makes it entertaining. The notion that fans still argue about England’s goal against Germany in 1966 and their more recent disallowed attempt in the 2010 World Cup as well as countless incidents in club games, indicate that these events remain in footballing consciousness. Yet at the same time, people seem wedded to the idea of justice and fairness and would protest vehemently if they or their team were unfairly penalized or given an undue handicap. Furthermore, in professional sport, where careers and livelihoods are dependent on fair and impartial decisions, the idea that sport is better by not implementing technolog y that would assist in sporting justice seems peculiar indeed. (Leveaux, 2010; Ryall, 2012) The philosophy of sport literature is replete with discussion on fairness and justice so much so that it arguably accounts for the greatest proportion of academic thought in this domain, whether this centers on doping, cheating, spoiling, or the characters and virtues of those involved. So to say that it doesn’t really matter whether sport is fair or not seems to be inconsistent with the amount of time and effort devoted to discussing it. Sport is based on a notion of fairness however that notion is defined. If players didn’t think that they were being given a fair chance (and this includes handicaps in sports such as sailing and golf) then they would soon give up participating. As such, it would be absurd to argue that officials (at the bequest of governing bodies such as FIFA) provide these controversial incidents so that fans have something to argue about in the pub. Referee Jorge Larrionda didn’t disallow England’s goal against Germany in 2010 because he was being unfair, he simply made a mistake in his observation. As far as Larrionda was concerned he was attempting to be as fair and consistent with the rules as possible, it was his observation skills that let him down. As is noted with reference to FIFA’s other reasons, human error is something that FIFA is happy to accept and even embrace. FIFA’s response may be that since these incidents are rare, the benefit gained from them in entertainment value outweighs the cost to the game itself. What FIFA doesn’t consider in this response however, is the cost that is borne by individual stakeholders, such as managers, players, club owners and investors. Such a cost / benefit analysis, that FIFA appear to adopt with this reason, is a very crude tool to use at the business end of the game. Hence, FIFA’s argument is largely unfounded and does not have any basis. (Leveaux, 2010; Ryall, 2012) Support for Technology Implementation Another reason why technology should be implemented is because the implementation of technology has gathered tremendous support in the past few years. Especially after the incorrect calls in the 2010 World Cup and in some recent league championships, viewers, players and even soccer clubs themselves have called upon FIFA to test and promote implementation of goal line technologies (Ryall, 2012). Even FIFA itself recognized the need for goal line technology after the blunder of the 2010 World Cup (Leveaux, 2010). Despite the necessity of it being realized and this much support, FIFA has time and again waivered on its stance to implement goal line technology. More recently, the head of UEFA blatantly renounced goal line technology by stating that this is not what the fans want, and this is not what the referees want, and this is not what the soccer clubs themselves want. However, there can be no absurd and blatantly wrong assumption than this. A study of the referee’s viewpoints on implementation of technology was conducted by Leveaux (2010). The study interviewed nearly 40 referees from soccer, and also many others from other sports. The referees were interviewed on a variety of topics, one of which was the implementation of technology. Interestingly, majority referees called for decision-aid technology to be implemented in their respective sports. Amongst soccer referees this majority was unanimous. All soccer referees called for technology to be implemented in soccer. Two rationales were provided behind this by the referees themselves. The referees first stated that the notion that soccer is a simple game that has not been intruded by technology so far is incorrect. In fact, technology is currently utilized by referees themselves in pre-game preparation and also in monitoring time-related events, i.e. extra time. Hence, if any implementation is denied on the basis that technology would make the sport lose its charm, it was wrong according to the referees. Moreover, the referees said that the burden of wrong decisions often falls on them and there is not much protection provided to them when such cases occur. Indeed, there are stories of referees being verbally abused for a wrong call. In some cases, referees have also been abused of making right but unpopular calls. The rationale then was that by including goal line technology, the referees would be able to steer the burden of the any possible decision away from them to the accurate technology. Hence, it should be noted that referees were in support of such an implementation and not against it as UEFA and FIFA would have one believe. Even fans and players support the notion of goal line technology. A survey conducted amongst avid soccer fans in AUS also resulted in a similar viewpoint. The survey focused on two questions. The first question was how much does an individual debate on the notion of whether the ball passed the goal or it did not. The second question was straightforwardly asking whether goal line technology should be implemented or not. Around 50 AUS students were surveyed, and all of them were avid fans of soccer. The results found vastly supported the implementation of goal line technology. It was found that a very insignificant minority (15%) actually debated things such as whether the ball passed the goal line, and most people often did not even notice when such things happened during the match. Moreover, nearly 95% said that a technology should be implemented if it allows for a better call on whether a goal has occurred or not. The reason behind this was that soccer fans would like goals to count in a sport where goals rarely occur at times. For instance, in between teams of equal strength, even a single goal could decide the match; however, often the games go on to penalty, and this is more undesirable than even the slight opposition to goal line technology. It should also be noted that a literature review found that most soccer players tend to be supportive of goal line technology. This was because most of these people often worked hard to bring the ball from one half to another, and when a goal that had occurred was not awarded it was often cause for frustration. Hence, it should be realized that implementation of goal line technology held massive amounts of support in fans, referees and players. Conclusion From the discussion above, it is quite clear that the argument for the implementation of goal line technology has a lot of benefits and support. The use of different systems can also allow to make the match only more interesting rather than disrupting to the game’s ‘flow’ or element of ‘interest’. Moreover, the arguments against do not have any actual basis in them. Surveys and literature review have not found any arguments to be valid. More or less, the arguments against is based on the opinions of a select few people are known to be conservative and whose personal interests in the game are affected by the technology. In comparison, an astounding majority supports and advocates the use of goal line technology, and this includes soccer players and almost all soccer fans. It should be noted that the world is changing everyday as newer technological progress is made. In this technologically progressing era, it is only questionable that a sport as popular as soccer has not implemented any aspects of technology within it. When even the most mundane of sports such as cricket have included not only one but dozens of technology that aid in decision-making to its umpires. For these reasons, it should be realized that soccer games should possess goal line technology. References Colwell, S. (2000). The ‘letter’and the ‘spirit’: Football laws and refereeing in the twenty†first century. Soccer and Society, 1(1), 201-214. Collins, H. (2010). The philosophy of umpiring and the introduction of decision-aid technology. Journal of the Philosophy of Sport, 37(2), 135-146. EuroSport. (2012, July 5). Goal-Line Technology: How Does It Work? EuroSport. Retrieved from http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/ Mignerat, M., & Audebrand, L. K. (2010). Towards the Adoption of e-Refereeing and e-Ticketing in Elite Soccer Championships: an Institutional Perspective. Paper submitted to International Conference on Information Systems, St. Louis, Missouri. Leveaux, R. (2010). Facilitating Referee’s Decision Making in Sport via the Application of Technology. Retrieved from http://bisongbakiaholmes.files.wordpress.com/ Ryall, E. (2012). Are there any Good Arguments Against Goal-Line Technology? Sports, Ethics and Philosophy. Retrieved from http://goo.gl /6eX4p